DNA/cDNA Labeling

Fluorophores and haptens, the latter meaning Biotin, Desthiobiotin, Digoxigenin and Dinitrophenol, are the most commonly used labels for the generation of non-radioactive DNA/cDNA probes. They are enzymatically introduced into DNA/cDNA via modified nucleotides that are incorporated as substitutes for their natural counterparts in either a one-step procedure (introduction of a fluorescent or hapten-modified nucleotide) or a two-step procedure (introduction of a reactive group carrying nucleotide and subsequent fluorescent or hapten labeling).

Nucleotide Selector for DNA Labeling
Select a suitable nucleotide substrate for enzymatic DNA Labeling.

Label	Labeling Kits	Single Nucleotides
Fluorophore	Fluorescent PCR Labeling Kits Fluorescent Nick Translation Labeling Kits	Fluorescent Nucleotides
Hapten	Biotin & Digoxigenin PCR Labeling Kits Biotin & Digoxigenin Nick Translation Labeling Kits Biotin & Digoxigenin 3'-End Oligonucleotide Labeling Kits	Biotinylated Nucleotides Digoxigenin-/DNP-modified Nucleotides
Amine		Amine-modified Nucleotides
CLICK		CLICK-functionalized Nucleotides
LNA		LNA-functionalized Nucleotides → Nucleotides & Nucleosides
Nucleotide dependent	Enzyme Labeling Reagent Kits (w/o labeled nucleotide)

Non-radioactive Labeling of DNA and RNA

Labeling of in situ hybridization DNA probes

Hapten-modified Nucleotides for DNA/RNA Labeling

Table 1: Standard enzymatic procedures for the preparation of non-radioactive DNA/cDNA probes.

Template	Method	Labeled Probe	Labeling site	Enzyme
DNA	PCR	DNA	random	Thermophilic polymerase e.g. Taq Polymerase
	MDA-based WGA			Phi29 DNA Polymerase
	Nick Translation			DNAse I / DNA Polymerase I
	Primer Extension			Klenow Fragment 3’-> 5’ exo^-, Taq Polymerase
	3’ End Labeling		3’ OH	Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)
RNA	Reverse Transcription	cDNA	random	Reverse Transcriptase e.g. MMLV

DNA/cDNA Labeling

Table 1: Standard enzymatic procedures for the preparation of non-radioactive DNA/cDNA probes.

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