AP₄A - Solid

For general laboratory use.

Shipping: shipped on gel packs

Storage Conditions: store at -20 °C
Short term exposure (up to 1 week cumulative) to ambient temperature possible.

Shelf Life: 12 months after date of delivery

Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₂₈N₁₀O₁₉P₄ (free acid)

Molecular Weight: 836.39 g/mol (free acid)

Exact Mass: 836.05 g/mol (free acid)

CAS#: 5542-28-9

Purity: ≥ 95 % (HPLC)

Form: solid

Color: white to off-white

Spectroscopic Properties: λ_max 259 nm, ε 27.0 L mmol^-1 cm^-1 (Tris-HCl pH 7.5)

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Selected References:
Reiser et al. (1999) Nucleotide radiolabels as tools for studying P2Y receptors in membranes from brain and lung tissue.Prog. Brain Res. 129:45.
Safrany et al. (2007) Characterisation of a bis (5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) from Drosophila melanogaster. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 39 (5):943.
Gross et al. (2006) Nucleotide-binding domains of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, an ABC Transporter, Catalyze Adenylate Kinase Activity but not ATP Hydrolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (7):4058.
Leslie et al. (2002) Cloning and characterisation of hAps1 and hAps2, human diadenosine polyphosphate-metabolising Nudix hydrolases. BMC Biochemistry 3:20.
Campbell et al. (1999) Characterization of P1,P4-diadenosine 5'-tetraphosphate binding on bovine aortic endothelial cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 364:280.
Vartanian et al. (1999) Ap4A induces apoptosis in human cultured cells. FEBS Lett. 456:175.
Brevet et al. (1985) Variation of Ap4A and other dinucleoside polyphosphates in stressed Drosophila cells. J. Biol. Chem. 260:15566.
Guedon et al. (1985) Effect of diadenosine tetraphosphate microinjection on heat shock protein synthesis in Xenopus laevis oocytes. EMBO J. 4:3743.
Guranowski et al. (1985) Phosphorolytic cleavage of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate. Properties of homogeneous diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate alpha, beta-phosphorylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 260:3542.
Bochner et al. (1984) AppppA and related adenylylated nucleotides are synthesized as a consequence of oxidation stress. Cell 37 (1):225.
Guranowski et al. (1983) Catabolism of diadenosine 5',5'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate in procaryotes. Purification and properties of diadenosine 5',5'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (symmetrical) pyrophosphohydrolase from Escherichia coli K12. J. Biol. Chem. 258:14784.
Jakubowski et al. (1983) Enzymes hydrolyzing ApppA and/or AppppA in higher plants. Purification and some properties of diadenosine triphosphatase, diadenosine tetraphosphatase, and phosphodiesterase from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds. J. Biol. Chem. 258:9982.
Giammarinaro et al. (2022) Diadenosine tetraphosphate regulates biosynthesis of GTP in Bacillus subtilis. Nat Microbiol 7:1442
Young et al. (2024) From dusty shelves toward the spotlight: growing evidence for Ap4A as an alarmone in maintaining RNA stability and proteostasis. Current Opinion in Microbiology 81:102536.
Zegarra et al. (2023) The mysterious diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A). microLife 4: doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqad016.