AP₃A - Solution

For general laboratory use.

Please centrifuge briefly before opening (volume ≤2 ml).

Shipping: shipped on gel packs

Storage Conditions: store at -20 °C
Short term exposure (up to 1 week cumulative) to ambient temperature possible.

Shelf Life: 12 months after date of delivery

Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₂₇N₁₀O₁₆P₃ (free acid)

Molecular Weight: 756.41 g/mol (free acid)

Exact Mass: 756.08 g/mol (free acid)

CAS#: 5959-90-0

Purity: ≥ 95 % (HPLC)

Form: solution in water

Concentration: 10 mM - 11 mM

pH: 7.5 ±0.5

Spectroscopic Properties: λ_max 259 nm, ε 27.0 L mmol^-1 cm^-1 (Tris-HCl pH 7.5)

Specific Ligands:

Ligand for P2X and P2Y receptors:
Agonist at P2Y₁ receptor^[1,2,3], at P2Y₁₂ and P2Y₁₃ receptors^[4] and for P2X₁ - P2X₄ purinoreceptors^[5]

Selected References:
[1] Szczepanska-Konkel et al. (2005) Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on glomerular volume. Br. J. Pharmacol. 144 (8):1109.
[2] Yerxa et al. (2001) P1- (uridine 5')-P4- (2'-deoxycytidine 5')tetraphosphate tetrasodiumsalt a next generation P2Y2 receptor agonist for treatment of cystic fibrosis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302:871.
[3] Ralevic et al. (2001) Structure-activity relationships of diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnAs), adenosine polyphospho guanosines (ApnGs) and guanosine polyphospho guanosines (GpnGs) at P2 receptors in the rat mesenteric arterial bed. Br. J. Pharmacol. 134 (5):1073.
[4] Zhang et al. (2002) Identification and characterization of a novel Gαi-coupled ADP receptor from human and mouse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 301 (2):705.
[5] Gualix et al. (2014) Presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in microdialysis samples from rat cerebellum in vivo: effect of mild hyperammonemia on their receptors. Purinergic Signal. 10 (2):349.
Guranowski et al. (2000) Selective degradation of 2'-adenylated diadenosine tri- and tetraphosphates, Ap (3)A and Ap (4)A, by two specific human dinucleoside polyphosphate hydrolases. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 373:218.
Luo et al. (1999) Identification and characterization of diadenosine 5',5'-P1,P2 -diphosphate and diadenosine 5',5'-P1,P3-triphosphate in human myocardial tissue. FASEB J. 13:695.
Luthje et al. (1988) Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap3A in whole blood. The dinucleotides are long-lived signal molecules in the blood ending up as intracellular ATP in the erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 173:241.
Luthje et al. (1987) Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap3A in human serum. Identification of isoenzymes and their partial characterization. Eur. J. Biochem. 169:385.
Luthje et al. (1985) Catabolism of Ap3A and Ap4A in human plasma. Purification and characterization of a glycoprotein complex with 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 149:119.
Bochner et al. (1984) AppppA and related adenylylated nucleotides are synthesized as a consequence of oxidation stress. Cell 37 (1):225.