Our compact, low molecular weight intrinsically fluorescent nucleotides combine fluorescence with close mimicry of the properties of natural nucleotides in respect of protein binding and interaction. They display environmentally sensitive fluorescence and therefore give strong signals upon a binding event which makes them perfect probes for stopped-flow and equilibrium analysis. The Mant-fluorophore is a commonly used FRET-probe in combination with Tryptophan or Tyrosin residues of the protein of interest.
| Fluorescent analog | λexc | λem | ε | Notes/Advantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [nm] | [nm] | [L*mmol-1 *cm-1] | ||
| 2',3'-TNP... | 470 | 552 | 18.5 | Historically the first fluorescent analogs used as substrates for G-proteins and ATP binding proteins. Also available as pyrimidine probes. |
| 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine | 360 | 465 | 9.0 | Fluorescent tricyclic cytosine derivative (tCO).[7,8] |
| 2',3'-Mant... | 355 | 448 | 5.8 | "THE CLASSICS" for small GTPases, heterotrimeric G-proteins, GPCRs, and motor protein kinetics. Small MW and environmentally sensitive fluorescence. FRET-probe for protein-intrinsic Tyr and Trp residues. |
| 2',3'-Ant... | 332 | 423 | 4.6 | Substitute for Mant-probes. Specific for tubulin, dynein, CaM, and disulfide isomerase. FRET-probe for protein-intrinsic Tyr and Trp residues. |
| ε-ATP... | 300 | 415 | 6.0 | Commonly used substrate of motor proteins, kinases, and other ATP binding proteins. |
| 2-Aminopurine- riboside- triphosphate | 305 | 370 | 8.0 | Fluorescent analog of ATP and/or GTP. |
[1] Gromadski et al. (2004) Streptomycin interferes with conformational coupling between codon recognition and GTPase activation on the ribosome. Nature Struct. & Molec. Biol. 11:316.
[2] Gille et al. (2004) Xanthine nucleotide-specific G-protein a-subunits: a novel approach for the analysis of G-protein-mediated signal transduction. NS Arch. Pharmacol. 369:141.
[3] Hiratsuka et al. (2003) You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article. Eur. J. Biochem. 270:3479.
[4] Gille et al. (2003) Fluorescent and colored trinitrophenylated analogs of ATP and GTP. NS Arch. Pharmacol. 368:210.
[5] Bagshaw et al. (2001) ATP analogues at a glance. J. Cell Sci. 114:459.
[6] Jameson et al. (1997) Fluorescent nucleotide analogs: Synthesis and applications. Methods Enzymol. 278:363 and references therein.
[7] Sandin et al. (2007) Characterization and use of an unprecedentedly bright and structurally non-perturbing fluorescent DNA base analogue. Nucleic Acids Res. 36(1):157.
[8] Füchtbauer et al. (2017) Fluorescent RNA cytosine analogue - an internal probe for detailed structure and dynamics investigations. Sci Rep. 7(1):2393.
