ATP - Solution

For general laboratory use.

Please centrifuge briefly before opening (volume ≤2 ml).

Description:
Ultrapure ATP supplied as clear aqueous solution.

Shipping: shipped on gel packs

Storage Conditions: store at -20 °C

Shelf Life: 12 months

Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₆N₅O₁₃P₃ (free acid)

Molecular Weight: 507.18 g/mol (free acid)

CAS#: 987-65-5

Purity: ≥ 99 % (HPLC)

Form: clear aqueous solution

Concentration: 100 mM ±2 %

pH: 8.0 ±0.2 (22 °C)

Spectroscopic Properties: λ_max 259 nm, ε 15.1 L mmol^-1 cm^-1 (Tris-HCl pH 7.0)

Applications:
ATP-sensitive calcium channels^[1]
V-ATPases (cellular proton pumps)^[2]
ATP-coupled chromatin remodelling^[3]
ATP-binding cassette transporters^[4]
ATP-grasp enzymes^[5]
Agonistic ligand, mainly for nucleoside receptor A₁
Nucleoside-triphosphates can be converted by different membrane-bound phosphatases into nucleosides acting as nucleoside receptor ligands.

Specific Ligands:

Ligand for purinergic receptors:
P2X₁-P2X₃^[6,7]
P2X_1/4^[8]
P2X₄^[7]
P2X₇^[9,10,11]
P2X₁ - P2X₇^[12]
P2Y₁^[10,14]
P2Y₂^[13,14]
P2Y₁₁^[14]

Selected References:
[1] Wang et al. (2011) The biological effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cardiovascular system. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 670 (1):1.
[2] Scott et al. (2011) Duelling functions of the V-ATPase. EMBO J. 30 (20):4113.
[3] Erdel et al. (2011) Chromatin remodelling in mammalian cells by ISWI-type complexes--where, when and why? FEBS J. 278 (19):3608.
[4] Gatti et al. (2011) Novel insights into targeting ATP-binding cassette transporters for antitumor therapy. Curr. Med. Chem. 18 (27):4237.
[5] Fawaz et al. (2011) The ATP-grasp enzymes. Bioorg. Chem. 39 (5):185.
[6] Lambertucci et al. (2015) Medicinal chemistry of P2X receptors: Agonists and orthosteic antagonists. Curr. Med. Chem. 22 (7):915.
[7] Ralevic (2015) P2X receptors in the cardiovascular system and their potential as therapeutic targets in disease. Curr. Med. Chem. 22 (7):851.
[8] Harhun et al. (2014) ATP-evoked sustained vasoconstrictions mediated by heteromeric P2X1/4 receptors in cerebral arteries. Stroke 45 (8):2444.
[9] Facci et al. (2014) Toll-like receptors 2, -3 and -4 prime microglia but not astrocytes across central nervous system regions for ATP-dependent interleukin-1β release. Sci. Rep. 4:6824.
[10] Stolz et al. (2015) Homodimeric anoctamin-1, but not homodimeric anoctamin-6, is activated by calcium increases mediated by the P2Y1 and P2X7 receptors. Pflugers Archiv DOI:10.1007/s00424-015-1687-3.
[11] Lord et al. (2014) Pharmacology of a novel central nervous system-penetrant P2X7 antagonist JNJ-42253432. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 351 (3):628.
[12] Dal Ben et al. (2015) Purinergic P2X receptors: Structural models and analysis of ligand-target interaction. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 89:561.
[13] Xie et al. (2014) The P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mediates the proliferation and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by ATP. J. Biol. Chem. 289 (27):19137.
[14] Kim et al. (2002) Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: High potency of northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors. J. Med. Chem. 45:208.
Volonte et al. (2009) Membrane components and purinergic signalling: the purinome, a complex interplay among ligands, degrading enzymes, receptors and transporters. FEBS J. 276:318.
Yegutkin (2008) Nucleotide and nucleoside converting enzymes: Important modulators of purinergic signalling cascade. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1783:673.
Hasko et al. (2007) Shaping of monocyte and macrophage function by adenosine receptors. Pharmacol.& Therapeutics 113:264.
Holland et al. (1991) Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 5'----3' exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (16):7276.
Erlich et al. (1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 29 (239):487.
Williams et al. (1986) Effects of purine nucleotides on the binding of [3H]cyclopentyladenosine to adenosine A1-receptors in rat brain membranes. J. Neurochem. 47 (1):88.
Sanger et al. (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463.