Exploring the Diversity of Cyclic Di- and Trinucleotides – Key Players in Cellular Signaling

Cyclic di- and trinucleotides (CDNs and CTNs) are a class of second messengers found in various organisms^[1,2] (Fig.1). These molecules consist of two or three nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, forming a ring-like structure. Their unique architecture allows them to act as signaling molecules with essential roles in bacterial communication and immune response activation^[1,2] (Fig. 1).

Figure 1: Cyclic di- and trinucleotides modulate signaling pathways in bacteria, invertebrates as well as mammals (adopted from Wenzl et al.^[1]).

Check out our cyclic di- and trinucleotide portfolio with compounds beyond the classics c-diGMP, c-diAMP, 2’,3’-cGAMP and 3’,3’-cGAMP (Tab. 1).

They are endotoxin free ( ≤ 2.5 EU/ml by chromogenic LAL test) and thus ideally suited for cell culture applications.

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Selected References:

[1] Wenzl et al. (2024) How enzyme-centered approaches are advancing research on cyclic oligo-nucleotides. FEBS Lett. 598(8): 839.
[2] Whiteley et al. (2019) Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signals. Nature 567(7747): 194.