DNA, RNA and oligonucleotides can be uniformly labeled with biotin by incorporation of biotinylated nucleotides. Nick translation, random priming or PCR can be used to produce double-stranded probes, while run-off polymerization, asymmetric PCR or primer extension will produce single-stranded probes.

The resulting biotin-labeled probes can be applied in various hybridization techniques including Southern blots, Northern blots, dot blots or in situ hybridization applications. They are detectable by their interaction with biotin-binding proteins, such as avidin, streptavidin or antibodies coupled to fluorescent dyes or color-producing enzymes. (Please also see our Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin Binding Assays!)

• dNTP-analogs for nonradioactive DNA-labeling:

• Ribo-NTP analogs for non-radioactive RNA-labeling:

Digoxigenin presents a good alternative to the biotin-avidin system, mainly because of its very low non-specific binding. Detection of hybridized digoxigenin-labeled probes is achieved either by high-affinity anti-digoxigenin antibodies conjugated to either alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, fluorescein, rhodamine or colloidal gold or by a secondary antibody that is similarly labeled.

For questions and inquiries or if you require nucleotide analogs that are not on stock please send us an e-mail at nucleotides@jenabioscience.com to receive a quote for a custom synthesis.

If you wish not to receive further email newsletters from us, please reply to this E-mail with the subject "UNSUBSCRIBE" or unsubscribe via the form at our website at http://www.jenabioscience.com.