Zidovudine is active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Its 5'-triphosphate inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase and its incorporation into viral DNA leads to termination of viral DNA growth.

Stavudine inhibits the HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural substrate, thymidine triphosphate. It also causes termination of DNA synthesis by incorporating into it.

Lamivudine can inhibit both types (1 and 2) of HIV reverse transcriptases, cellular DNA polymerase and the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B.

Ribavirin has antiviral inhibitory activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and herpes simplex virus. It induces mutations in RNA-dependent replication in RNA viruses. Such hypermutations can be lethal to RNA viruses.

Vidarabine (ara-Adenosine) is an anti-viral drug which is active against herpes simplex 1 and 2, vaccinia and varicella-zoster viruses.

Analogues of Purine nucleosides have potential interest in antiviral research and are indispensable tools in molecular biology. They are building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutical oligonucleotide analogues and initial compounds for preparation of corresponding nucleoside 5'-di- and triphosphates.

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