Heavy atom derivatization of biological macromolecules for isomorphous and/or anomalous phasing methods.
Polyoxotungstate clusters have been successfully employed in structural studies because of its high electron-density and very good solubility in aqueous solutions [1].

The kit contains 6 pre-weighted solid aliquots of Tri-Sodium phosphotungstate cluster at 3.5 mg each.
Tri-Sodium phosphotungstate contains 12 tungsten metal metal centres bridged by 24 oxygen atoms. In the center of the cluster there is a phosphorous heteroatom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms, the remaining 12 oxygen atoms are forming W=O double bonds.
As a result, the cluster carries a negative charge of 3-.

The kit contains 6 pre-weighted solid aliquots of Hexa-Sodium metatungstate cluster at 3.5 mg each.
Hexa-Sodium metatungstate is composed of 12 tungsten metal centers, each coordinated octahedrally by six oxo O^2-ligands. There are a total of 28 bridging oxygen atoms that link the 12 tungsten centres, the remaining 12 oxygen atoms are forming W=O double bonds. In the center of the cluster there is a “void” which contains two protons, H+.
As a result, the cluster carries a negative charge of 6-.

The kit contains 6 pre-weighted solid aliquots of Deca-Ammonium paratungstate cluster at 3.5 mg each.
Deca-Ammonium paratungstate is composed of 12 tungsten metal centers, each coordinated octahedrally by six oxo O^2-ligands. There are a total of 28 bridging oxygen atoms that link the 12 tungsten centres, the remaining 14 oxygen atoms are forming W=O double bonds. In the center of the cluster there is a “void” which contains two protons, H+.
As a result, the cluster carries a negative charge of 10-.

[1] Rudenko et al. (2003) 'MAD'ly phasing the extracellular domain of the LDL receptor: a medium-sized protein, large tungsten clusters and multiple non-isomorphous crystals. Acta Cryst. D59:1978.

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