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DNA/cDNA Labeling

Fluorophores and haptens, the latter meaning Biotin, Desthiobiotin, Digoxigenin and Dinitrophenol, are the most commonly used labels for the generation of non-radioactive DNA/cDNA probes. They are enzymatically introduced into DNA/cDNA via modified nucleotides that are incorporated as substitutes for their natural counterparts in either a one-step procedure (introduction of a fluorescent or hapten-modified nucleotide) or a two-step procedure (introduction of a reactive group carrying nucleotide and subsequent fluorescent or hapten labeling).


Nucleotide Selector for DNA Labeling
Select a suitable nucleotide substrate for enzymatic DNA Labeling.

 
 

Table 1: Standard enzymatic procedures for the preparation of non-radioactive DNA/cDNA probes.

TemplateMethodLabeled ProbeLabeling siteEnzyme
DNA PCR DNA random Thermophilic polymerase e.g. Taq Polymerase
MDA-based WGA Phi29 DNA Polymerase
Nick Translation DNAse I / DNA Polymerase I
Primer Extension Klenow Fragment 3’-> 5’ exo-, Taq Polymerase
3’ End Labeling 3’ OH Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)
RNA Reverse Transcription cDNA random Reverse Transcriptase e.g. MMLV